What it is and what causes itImages on black and white film are typically formed by metallic silver in a gelatin binder. When exposed to a combination of moisture in the environment and pollutants in the air or contaminants in the film’s enclosure, this image silver will corrode.Image-forming metallic silver exists in a filamentary structure. When corrosion occurs, oxidative gases permeate the gelatin and attack small sites of silver, severing them from the filamentary structure and converting them into silver ions. The silver ions migrate through the gelatin and reduce as very small particles of colloidal silver, re-depositing in new locations. When these small particles redeposit near the surface of the gelatin, they produce a reflective metallic sheen with a faintly blue or iridescent appearance called silver mirroring. Mirroring can be clearly discerned on the emulsion side of the film when viewed in reflected light. In many cases, silver mirroring forms along the edges of sheet film or motion picture film, indicating that air pollutants, in the presence of moisture and heat, have been the cause of the oxidation reaction. Silver mirroring can also be caused by poor quality storage materials, and can manifest locally or over the entire image area. |
What you can doMoisture in the air is the critical factor that contributes to the oxidation of the silver image, so prevention of corrosion requires an environment with controlled relative humidity, preferably between 20-50%. Storage of film in an environment free of contaminants and in inert enclosures is also recommended for prevention of silver oxidation. A low temperature environment is preferable, but is not as important in the prevention of oxidation as is the control of relative humidity or reduction of possible contaminants in the film’s environment. |
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